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Notes on AI, security and running IT
Plain-English guides for business owners, managers and IT teams in Malaysia and around the region. By Scott Lee Siang Fong.
Data Is the Foundation of Enterprise AI
Useful enterprise AI starts with reliable business data, context and access. A SenangAI perspective on turning scattered records into decisions you can trust.
Project SAGE: Who Gives an AI Agent Authority to Act?
Hong Kong’s Project SAGE puts AI agent governance in focus. A SenangAI perspective on permissions, evidence, human approval and accountability in business.
Enterprise AI starts with the company’s data
Why enterprise AI depends on reliable company data, business context and access controls, and why citations alone cannot make an answer safe to act on.
What Enterprise AI Needs Before It Can Act
Enterprise AI needs reliable context, clear authority, dependable execution and reviewed improvement. A practical framework for accountable business action.
Goldman’s AI Restrictions: The Enterprise Lesson
What Goldman Sachs’s reported AI coding restrictions reveal about corporate accountability, the cost of automation, and the principles guiding SenangAI.
LLM Roadmap for Beginners: Build a Document Assistant
Follow a beginner LLM roadmap by planning a small document assistant, learning retrieval and testing its answers before connecting real company data.
AI Agent Approval Checklist for Business Workflows
Plan AI agent permissions and human approvals with a practical checklist covering proposed actions, retries, audit records and recovery before launch.
Five Records, a Quiet Promise, and Why SenangAI Was Born
Looking after a family member in hospital, I found five records for one person. The quiet promise it led to, and why SenangAI was born.
Malaysia's AI Governance Bill: What Businesses Need to Know
A plain-English guide to Malaysia's proposed AI Governance Bill: who it covers, the five principles, the risk tiers, incident reporting and the AI sandbox.
SenangAI: What We're Building at Kognosys, and Why
What SenangAI does: connects scattered records, flags conflicts and risks, traces root causes and suggests next steps, with people in control and data kept in-house.
What Is Sovereign AI? Malaysia's Push, Explained
What sovereign AI means in plain English, why it matters, and what Malaysia is doing about it: ILMU, the RM2 billion sovereign cloud, AI Malaysia and new AI laws.
A $0 Tech Stack for Small Business: Free Tools and Limits
A $0 tech stack for a small business: free email, website, CRM, invoicing, design and passwords, with each free plan's real limits stated plainly for 2026.
Vector Databases Explained: Embeddings in Plain English
Vector databases explained simply: what vectorised data and embeddings are, how similarity search works, when you need a vector database and how to choose one.
AI Governance: A Practical Starter Guide for Businesses
What AI governance means, the EU AI Act timeline, NIST AI RMF, ISO/IEC 42001 and Malaysia's AIGE guidelines, plus simple first steps for any business.
Multimodal AI Explained: What It Means for Business
Multimodal AI explained in plain English: what it is, how it handles text, images and audio together, real business uses, and the risks to plan for.
AI Infrastructure Guide: Compute, Data, Cloud and Cost
A plain guide to AI infrastructure: GPUs and compute, data pipelines, cloud vs on-prem vs hybrid, controlling cost, and what NVIDIA's Rubin platform is.
Tea App Breach (July 2025): What Happened and Lessons
What the July 2025 Tea app breach exposed, how an unsecured storage bucket caused it, and the privacy lessons for any app that collects IDs or selfies.
Starlink and Yahoo Mail Outages: Business Continuity Lessons
What happened in the July 2025 Starlink and Yahoo Mail outages, and the practical business continuity steps any company can take to avoid being stuck.
Immutable Backups: Your Best Defence Against Ransomware
What immutable backups are, why ransomware attackers go after your backups first, and a simple 3-2-1-1-0 plan any small or mid-sized business can follow.
Cyberattack Response Plan for SMEs: A Practical Guide
A simple cyberattack response plan for small and mid-sized businesses in Malaysia: what to prepare, the first hours, who to call, and PDPA reporting deadlines.
AI and Cybersecurity: Defence, Attacks and Securing Your AI
How AI helps security teams, how attackers misuse it, and how to secure your own chatbots and AI tools against prompt injection and data leaks.
Zero Trust Security Explained Simply
Zero trust security in plain English: what it means, the core principles from NIST and CISA, and a step-by-step way for a small or mid-sized firm to start.
Serverless Computing Explained: When It Fits
What serverless computing is, how it is billed, where it saves money and where it doesn't. A plain guide with real limits from AWS Lambda's own docs.
Edge AI Explained: Running AI Close to the Data
Edge AI runs AI models on local devices instead of the cloud. Learn how it works, when it beats the cloud, the trade-offs, and how to start a small pilot.
Cloud-Native Security Best Practices: A Plain Guide
Practical cloud-native security best practices for containers, Kubernetes, secrets, pipelines and monitoring, explained for busy teams in Southeast Asia.
AI in DevOps: How to Use It Without Breaking Things
Where AI genuinely helps in DevOps, what the 2025 DORA research found about speed and stability, and the guardrails to put in place before you rely on it.
The 16 Billion Password Leak: What It Really Was
The June 2025 '16 billion passwords' leak was mostly old infostealer logs, not a new hack. Here is what happened, the real risk, and what to do.
What Is a Data Breach? A Plain Guide for Businesses
What a data breach is, how breaches happen, what they cost, the PDPA rules Malaysian firms must follow, and simple steps to prevent and respond to one.
Enterprise AI Roadmap: A Practical Pilot Checklist
Build an enterprise AI roadmap with clear owners, a data checklist, pilot measures and launch gates. Includes a practical worksheet for your first project.
What Is AI Reasoning? Reasoning Models Explained
AI reasoning models think step by step before answering. Learn how they work, what the evidence shows, when to switch reasoning on, and when it just costs more.
FMCG Mobile Apps: How to Get People Opening Them Daily
How to build FMCG mobile apps people actually open: loyalty that is easy to earn, useful daily features, respectful push notifications and PDPA-safe data use.
Vertical vs Horizontal LLMs: Which Does Your Business Need?
Horizontal LLMs are generalists; vertical LLMs are tuned for one industry. Learn the trade-offs, when each makes sense, and why most firms should start general.
Observability vs Monitoring: What's the Difference?
Monitoring tells you something is wrong. Observability helps you find out why. A plain guide, plus data observability for teams that rely on dashboards.
RAG vs AI Agents vs Agentic RAG: The Plain Difference
RAG looks things up, AI agents take actions, agentic RAG plans its own searches. Learn the difference, see business examples, and pick the right one.
AI Agent vs Chatbot: What's the Difference for Business?
A chatbot answers questions. An AI agent plans steps and uses tools to finish a task. See the difference, real examples, and how to start agentic workflows.